Thyroid nodule fine needle aspirate

Definition

The thyroid is an endocrine gland located in front of the trachea (windpipe) at the top of the neck. In fine needle aspiration, a needle is inserted into the thyroid to obtain a sample of thyroid cells.

Alternative Names

Why the Test is Performed

This is a test to diagnose thyroid disease or thyroid cancer.

How the Test is Performed

This test may be done in the health care provider's office or in a hospital. Usually anesthesia is not necessary because the needle is fine (very thin). You will lie on your back with a pillow under your shoulders and your neck extended.

The biopsy site is cleansed. The fine needle is then inserted into the thyroid, and a sample of thyroid cells and fluid is drawn into the needle. The needle is then withdrawn.

Pressure will be applied to the biopsy site to stop any bleeding, and the site will be covered with a bandage.

How to Prepare for the Test

Inform the health care provider of any drug allergies you have, which medications you are taking, if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant. You must sign a consent form.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:

• Infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• Toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• Preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• Schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• Adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How the Test Will Feel

Risks

The main risk is bleeding into or around the thyroid gland. If bleeding is severe, the trachea may be compressed. This complication is rare.

Considerations

Benign nodules should be re-evaluated periodically.

Normal Results

The thyroid tissue is normal in structure and the cells appear non-cancerous under a microscope.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may mean thyroid cancer, noncancerous tumors, or diffuse thyroid disease such as goiter or thyroiditis.